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Cursed Units
(youtu.be)
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Yeah that's a pretty standard way to do things for all kinds of random walk processes. You don't pick up error at a constant rate with distance, as you can go either forward or backward and will often be undoing dispersion you've already accumulated. The most likely outcome after any distance is always for you to be exactly back where you started. However, as stated in the video, the expectation value of the root-mean-square distance from the origin (i.e. how far from the origin do you end up on average) for a random walker after N steps is the square root of N. There's a quite good explanation on this page.
If you really dislike having the square root in there you can of course square everything to get rid of it, but at the cost of your other dimension being squared. I'd personally argue that it's a lot easier to get a physical intuition from the ps/sqrt(km) units (you can expect to pick up dispersion proportional to the square root of the length of your fiber) than from ps^2/km (which to me just looks like inverse acceleration). The latter is valid though. In fact, if you type that into Wolfram it'll tell you that those units are physically interpretable as the "group velocity dispersion with respect to angular frequency"!
I actually have a very neglected side project to build a little calculator app that treats units this way, where you can label them to avoid letting them cancel out. I might get some time to work on it in like a month? Or maybe I won't get around to it until after I graduate, we'll see 🙃