Yes that's correct.

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Those are very big questions. This Wikipedia Page is a good place to start.

The simple answer is, everything humanity does happens in cycles.
But you can think of it as roller-coaster passing through an infinite series of loops. We keep going forward in the long run. But but the repeating loops take us up and down, even upside down and backwards along the way. In every case, coming down each loop gives us the momentum to reach the next one.

It is

It works in cycles.

The last Guilded Age (think Roaring 20s) ended with the great depression. Which then triggered the creation of all the great economic policies the boomers enjoyed as children, which they've been dismantling since the 70s.

Once things get bad enough, (very nearly there now) the cycle will repeat.

I'm not sure you know what post scarcity means.

Imagine a world where nobody needs to work, but everyone can still have any material desire filled at any time.

Think Star Trek. Unlimited energy resources, combined with replicators which use that endless energy to create unlimited stuff without any labor required.

It really is the most efficient way to manage and trade scarce resources. Going back to a barter system wouldn't be possible with the size and scope of a global economy.

The most profitable league in all of sports...
Is being killed?

I don't think that means what they think it means.

That is what we have now. Mostly.
The current vehicle taxes are never close to covering the costs of road maintenance.

Roads aren't built to last forever. They all need maintenance. Semis cause more wear and damage on all roads, requiring more repairs. So yes, if that cost isn't already baked into the cost of trucking everything, it only makes sense to start doing so.

The other option, is to give up on the idea of vehicles paying for roads. We could just use general tax money from everyone, as everyone benefits from quality roads. That would also be logically consistent.

No. No exclusions.
It doesn't matter if they serve a purpose; All the damage they still do still happens, and needs to be accounted for. Rolling it into the cost of the purpose is fair.

Some will even if they do understand the math.

Becides that's an argument against all laws.
The people who a law is bad for, will always hate and fight it.

Sounds reasonable.
That'll work to make them less popular.