warns that China
The casual sinophobia is too much sometimes. I dunno how this decaying empire thinks that it's going to maintain it's violent dominance... Oh yeah more violence.
China dominated the Top500 list by 2017, with 202 machines compared to 143 from the U.S. Then the U.S. restricted Chinese access to Intel processors and other U.S. hardware in 2015, followed by broader export restrictions under the Trump administration in 2019, which have been tightened further by the Biden administration in 2022. As a result, Chinese participation in the Top500 list dwindled, to some degree because access of Chinese entities to the latest hardware got harder and to some degree because Chinese scientists no longer want to share details about their machines with anyone.
Why is anyone surprised that the country with the highest research output, that has historically dominated the Top500 list, has the fastest supercomputers?
People think the USA is some research mecca when it's just sending bombs to zios, restricting research to the rich, and extracting profits through state violence (eg. IP, colonialism, etc).
I’m a little more optimistic; like yeah, all of that is definitely happening, but there is lots of genuinely helpful research being done in the US. Not everything here is rotten. China’s research output is just an order of magnitude greater. See https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/generate/all/global/academic for a cool list of research outputs by institution.
Why is anyone surprised that the country [...] that has historically dominated the Top500 list, has the fastest supercomputers?
Because since then bans have been issued, specifically preventing the purchase of the "best" hardware, and that said country does not produce such hardware internally (e.g NVIDIA and AMD top of the line, and upstream with ASML). That's what why it is surprising, precisely because the situation has changed, cf e.g https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/limits-china-chip-ban leading to possibly counter intuitive effects.
I imagine most people would like to better understand what hardware is being used, especially chips and to know where they come from, i.e
So yes it's arguably surprising because the situation is not as it was just a couple of years ago.
"brute force is brute force" what a strange thing to say, it precisely is NOT.
If you have a lot of processors but they are poorly linked together, i.e low bandwidth, then they are NOT more powerful. That's why e.g NVIDIA is selling InfiniBand and other very expensive solutions to datacenter.
Sure a supercomputer might have more CPU/GPU/etc than another but it doesn't make it automatically more powerful, in term of what can actually be computed in comparable time (and arguably energy consumption).
That being said, China might be secretly #1 on TOP500 but until evidence of it is provided, I'm not sure what's the point of such speculation is.
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