It doesn't really matter whether it's LLMs. There are limits to the value of creating an increasing amount of new hardware to do any particular math, but once you have the hardware it's pretty easy to find applications for the electricity to pay for itself.

There are countless spaces that will benefit from as much math as we can give them for a long time.

It's the second one. They are all in on this AI bullshit because they've got nothing else. There are no other exponential growth markets left. Capitalism has gotten so autocanibalistic that simply being a global monopoly in multiple different fields isn't good enough. For investors it's not about how big your company is, how reliable your yearly returns are, how stable your customer base; the only thing that matters is how fast your business is growing. But small businesses have no space to grow because of the monopolies filling every available space, and the monopolies are already monopolies. There are no worlds left to conquer. They've already turned every single piece of our digital lives into a subscription, blockchain was a total bust, the metaverse was a demented fever dream, VR turned out to be a niche toy at best; unless someone comes up with some brand new thing that no one has ever heard of before, AI is the last big boondoggle they have left to hit the public with.