There will always be some instructors that are more dogmatic than pragmatic. All the same, there will be instructors that have pearls of wisdom to offer. Regarding the "break" and "continue" keywords, this lays somewhere in the middle.

One of the purposes of higher-level programming language is to remove from the low-level, machine-specific language of assembly, by offering other, more descriptive constructs, like "while", "for", and "switch". In the C language, "break" is almost mandatory in a "switch" statement but only occasionally shows up in a "for" loop, excepting drivers. In Python, "break" only exists in loops, but there are lots of loops which can be replaced more efficiently with comprehensions, so "break" can be a sign of poorly organized logic.

If you can specify which programming language you're learning, it would help to understand what your instructor might have meant to teach.