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Filesystem mirroring: best backup tool?
(feddit.de)
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rsync is ubiquitous and the standard for this type of job.
SSH is used to connect. Ownership, symlinks, etc. are preserved. Add more "excludes" to filter out more directories. Do your first run without " delete" to make sure things are going where you want.
If you want "backups" I would suggest something more sophisticated. But for just cloning this is the way.