My contribution is katzenjammer, which is a word describing a really bad hangover (in the English language). I believe it is used a bit differently in the German language, but don't take my word for it.

Uxorious: devoted to one's wife.

Lugubrious - because it means the opposite of how it sounds!

It's fun to say, but is defined as sadness, which the word can't evoke

Salitter is my answer to this one every time.

The silence. The salitter drying from the earth. The mudstained shapes of flooded cities burned to the waterline. At a crossroads a ground set with dolmen stones where the spoken bones of oracles lay moldering. No sound but the wind.

Here, also.

Defenestrate means to throw out of a window.

For example, "Someone should defenestrate Putin."

Jocund: cheerful and lighthearted.

From Romeo and Juliet:

Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day

Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.

Something I learnt recently and which is rampant on gay social apps: sphallolalia - flirting that doesn't lead to meeting irl.

Crepuscular. Related to twilight, dimness, the golden hour.

Wait overmorrow is correct English? We have "morgen" and "overmorgen" in Dutch which is tomorrow and overmorrow respectively, so I always missed an overmorrow in English. Is it actually commonly understood or will people look at me like I'm a weird foreigner when I use it?

Seems like every time you use it you'll end up having to explain what it means unless you're playing D&D

Verantwortungsbewusstsein. Let's get back to our roots.

"Overmorrow" is actually not obscure or obsolete at all in german.
"Übermorgen" is quite often used (at least around me)

Logoparalysis. https://lemmus.org/post/6454872